Culture #11 – Silla: The Kingdom That Sang

                                            Everyday Culture, Everyday Wonder

Simple traditions, rich stories

Silla, one of Korea’s ancient kingdoms, is often called the “Land of Song” because music was an inseparable part of its people’s daily life. Although its musical instruments and systems were simpler than those of neighboring kingdoms like Goguryeo and Baekje, the people of Silla lived with song in every moment—from celebrations to farewells.

The People of Silla and Their Love for Music
Music in Silla was closely tied to dance, often performed to the melodies of the gayageum, a traditional Korean zither. Even though Silla’s mountainous geography made cultural exchanges with China challenging, it developed a distinct musical identity reflecting local tastes and traditions.

Archaeological discoveries, such as clay figurines (towoo) found in tombs, also reveal this musical passion. Some figurines depict people singing with hands clasped, while others show musicians playing instruments, symbolizing a hope that music would continue even in the afterlife.

the clay figurines (called towoo, 土偶) found in Silla tombs

Songs That Survived the Ages
Several Silla songs and tales have been passed down through history:

• Jemangmaega
  Jemangmaega is a hyangga, a type of Silla-era Korean song that blends poetry and music. Composed by Wolmyeongsa for his deceased sister, it expresses deep sorrow and reflection on life and death. Its poignant lines, such as “Life and death meet here; hesitating, I cannot speak of leaving, yet how can I go before you?”, continue to move listeners today.

• Mojukjirangga
  Composed during the reign of King Hyoso, the 32nd ruler of Silla, Mojukjirangga is a song written in memory of a loyal friend named Jukji-rang. It celebrates friendship and devotion, though scholars are uncertain whether it should be classified strictly as a hyangga.

• Bangataryeong
  This playful song originates from a story about Master Baekgyeol, who, unable to pound rice due to poverty, played the gayageum to mimic the sound of a millstone, cheering up his wife. The tune brought joy and dance, and its lively spirit was later known as Bangataryeong. Unlike Jemangmaega, this is not a hyangga but a folk-inspired musical story.

A Life Filled with Song
For the people of Silla, music was not merely entertainment—it was a language of comfort, spiritual expression, and social connection. Songs were sung in moments of joy and sorrow alike, accompanying every step of life.

Today, hyangga and other Silla songs remind us that music was more than art; it was a vessel carrying the emotions, beliefs, and everyday experiences of a people whose love for song still resonates centuries later.